LINKS:   and a      BOOK LINKS:  How’d they get the gold in the standard fabric? - Because the fabric was only a single thickness, the decoration painted on the front showed through to the back. The standard makers overcame this problem by first applying the gold leaf for the lettering and the fleurs de lys to both sides after which then they painted the images only on one side. Actual sheets of thin gold were attached to the fabric by first applying a thin layer of a fatty substance onto the cloth after which the gold leaf was beaten into the fabric. In French this technique is called “appliquées et battues.”   and  and

590 - Book Two - Chapters 9-11 of Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc

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